Unless otherwise specified, the rules set forth in Equity 2 apply only to the quoting and trading of System securities via the Nasdaq Market Center.

Amended Nov. 23, 2020 (SR-NASDAQ-2020-079).

(a) For purposes of Equity 2, unless the context requires otherwise:

(1) "Stabilizing bid" means the terms "stabilizing" or to "stabilize" as defined in SEC Rule 100.

(2) "Underwriting Activity Report" is a report provided by the Corporate Financing Department of FINRA in connection with a distribution of securities subject to SEC Rule 101 pursuant to FINRA Rule 5190 and includes forms that are submitted by members to comply with their notification obligations under Equity 2, Sections 6, 10, and 15.

(b) For purposes of Equity 2, Sections 6, 10, and 15, the following terms shall have the meanings as defined in SEC Rule 100: "affiliated purchaser," "distribution," "distribution participant," "independent bid," "net purchases," "passive market maker," "penalty bid," "reference security," "restricted period," "subject security," and "syndicate covering transaction."

Amended Nov. 23, 2020 (SR-NASDAQ-2020-079).

Amended Nov. 23, 2020 (SR-NASDAQ-2020-079); amended Oct. 19, 2022 (SR-NASDAQ-2022-058), operative Nov. 18, 2022.

(a) Quotations and quotation sizes may be entered into the Nasdaq Market Center only by a member registered as a Nasdaq Market Maker or other entity approved by Nasdaq to function in a market-making capacity.

(b) A Nasdaq Market Maker may become registered in an issue by entering a registration request via a Nasdaq approved electronic interface with Nasdaq's systems or by contacting Nasdaq Market Operations. Registration shall become effective on the day the registration request is entered.

(c) A Nasdaq Market Maker's registration in an issue shall be terminated by Nasdaq if the Nasdaq Market Maker fails to enter quotations in the issue within five (5) business days after the Nasdaq Market Maker's registration in the issue becomes effective.

(d) A Nasdaq Market Maker may terminate its registration as a Nasdaq Market Maker by giving written notice to Nasdaq. A Nasdaq Market Maker’s termination of registration shall become immediately effective. A Nasdaq Market Maker that fails to notify Nasdaq in writing of its termination prior to such termination may be subject to formal disciplinary action pursuant to Nasdaq General 5.

Amended Nov. 23, 2020 (SR-NASDAQ-2020-079); amended Dec. 2, 2022 (SR-NASDAQ-2022-073), operative Jan. 1, 2023.

A member registered as a Nasdaq Market Maker shall engage in a course of dealings for its own account to assist in the maintenance, insofar as reasonably practicable, of fair and orderly markets in accordance with this Rule.

(a) Quotation Requirements and Obligations

(1) Two-Sided Quote Obligation. For each security in which a member is registered as a Nasdaq Market Maker, the member shall be willing to buy and sell such security for its own account on a continuous basis during regular market hours and shall enter and maintain a two-sided trading interest ("Two-Sided Obligation") that is identified to the Exchange as the interest meeting the obligation and is displayed in the Exchange's quotation montage at all times. Interest eligible to be considered as part of a Nasdaq Market Maker's Two-Sided Obligation shall be Attributable Quotes/Orders that have a displayed quotation size of at least one normal unit of trading. Unless otherwise designated, a "normal unit of trading" shall be 100 shares. After an execution against its Two-Sided Obligation, a Nasdaq Market Maker must ensure that additional trading interest exists in the Exchange to satisfy its Two-Sided Obligation either by immediately entering new interest to comply with this obligation to maintain continuous two-sided quotations or by identifying existing interest on the Exchange book that will satisfy this obligation.

(2) Pricing Obligations. For NMS stocks (as defined in Rule 600 under Regulation NMS) a Nasdaq Market Maker shall adhere to the pricing obligations established by this Rule during Regular Trading Hours; provided, however, that such pricing obligations (i) shall not commence during any trading day until after the first regular way transaction on the primary listing market in the security, as reported by the responsible single plan processor, and (ii) shall be suspended during a trading halt, suspension, or pause, and shall not re-commence until after the first regular way transaction on the primary listing market in the security following such halt, suspension, or pause, as reported by the responsible single plan processor

(A) Bid Quotations. At the time of entry of bid interest satisfying the Two-Sided Obligation, the price of the bid interest shall be not more than the Designated Percentage away from the then current National Best Bid, or if no National Best Bid, not more than the Designated Percentage away from the last reported sale from the responsible single plan processor. In the event that the National Best Bid (or if no National Best Bid, the last reported sale) increases to a level that would cause the bid interest of the Two-Sided Obligation to be more than the Defined Limit away from the National Best Bid (or if no National Best Bid, the last reported sale), or if the bid is executed or cancelled, the Market Maker shall enter new bid interest at a price not more than the Designated Percentage away from the then current National Best Bid (or if no National Best Bid, the last reported sale), or identify to the Exchange current resting interest that satisfies the Two-Sided Obligation.

(B) Offer Quotations. At the time of entry of offer interest satisfying the Two-Sided Obligation, the price of the offer interest shall be not more than the Designated Percentage away from the then current National Best Offer, or if no National Best Offer, not more than the Designated Percentage away from the last reported sale received from the responsible single plan processor. In the event that the National Best Offer (or if no National Best Offer, the last reported sale) decreases to a level that would cause the offer interest of the Two-Sided Obligation to be more than the Defined Limit away from the National Best Offer (or if no National Best Offer, the last reported sale), or if the offer is executed or cancelled, the Market Maker shall enter new offer interest at a price not more than the Designated Percentage away from the then current National Best Offer (or if no National Best Offer, the last reported sale), or identify to the Exchange current resting interest that satisfies the Two-Sided Obligation.

(C) The National Best Bid and Offer shall be determined by the Exchange in accordance with its procedures for determining protected quotations under Rule 600 under Regulation NMS.

(D) For purposes of this Rule, the "Designated Percentage" shall be 8% for all Tier 1 NMS Stocks under the LULD Plan, 28% for all Tier 2 NMS Stocks under the LULD Plan with a price equal to or greater than $1, and 30% for all Tier 2 NMS Stocks with a price less than $1, except that prior to 9:45 a.m. and between 3:35 p.m. and the close of trading, the Designated Percentage shall be 20% for all Tier 1 NMS Stocks under the LULD Plan, 28% for all Tier 2 NMS Stocks under the LULD Plan with a price equal to or greater than $1, and 30% for all Tier 2 NMS Stocks under the LULD Plan with a price less than $1. The Designated Percentage for rights and warrants shall be 30%.

(E) For purposes of this Rule, the "Defined Limit" shall be 9.5% for Tier 1 NMS Stocks under the LULD Plan, 29.5% for all Tier 2 NMS Stocks under the LULD Plan with a price equal to or greater than $1, and 31.5% for all Tier 2 NMS Stocks under the LULD Plan with a price less than $1, except that prior to 9:45 a.m. and between 3:35 p.m. and the close of trading, the Defined Limit shall be 21.5% for all Tier 1 NMS Stocks under the LULD Plan, 29.5% for all Tier 2 NMS Stocks under the LULD Plan with a price equal to or greater than $1, and 31.5% for all Tier 2 NMS Stocks under the LULD Plan with a price less than $1. The Defined Limit for rights and warrants shall be 31.5%.

(F) Reserved.

(G) Reserved.

(H) Nothing in this Rule shall preclude a Market Marker from quoting at price levels that are closer to the National Best Bid and Offer than the levels required by this Rule.

(I) The minimum quotation increment for quotations of $1.00 or above in all System Securities shall be $0.01. The minimum quotation increment in the System for quotations below $1.00 in System Securities shall be $0.0001.

(J) The individual Market Participant Identifier (“MPID”) assigned to a member to meet its Two-Sided Obligation pursuant to subparagraph (a)(1) of this Rule, or Equity 2, Section 14, shall be referred to as the member’s “Primary MPID.” Market Makers and ECNs may request the use if additional MPIDs that shall be referred to as “Supplemental MPIDs.”  A Market Maker may request the use of Supplemental MPIDs for displaying Attributable Quotes/Orders in the Nasdaq Quotation Montage for any security in which it is registered and meets the obligations set forth in subparagraph (1) of this rule. An ECN may request the use of Supplemental MPIDs for displaying Attributable Quotes/Orders in the Nasdaq Quotation Montage for any security in which it meets the obligations set forth in Equity 2, Section 14. A Market Maker or ECN that ceases to meet the obligations appurtenant to its Primary MPID in any security shall not be permitted to use a Supplemental MPID for any purpose in that security.

(K) Market Makers and ECNs that are permitted the use of Supplemental MPIDs for displaying Attributable Quotes/Orders pursuant to subparagraph (2) of this rule are subject to the same rules applicable to the members’ first quotation, with two exceptions: (a) the continuous two-sided quote requirement and excused withdrawal procedures described in subparagraph (1) above do not apply to Market Makers’ Supplemental MPIDs; and (b) Supplemental MPIDs may not be used by Market Makers to engage in passive market making or to enter stabilizing bids pursuant to Equity 2, Sections 6 and 10.

(b) Firm Quotations

(1) All quotations and orders to buy and sell entered into the System by Nasdaq Market Makers, Nasdaq ECNs, and Nasdaq Order Entry firms are firm and automatically executable for their displayed and non-displayed size in the System.

(c) Impaired Ability to Enter or Update Quotations

In the event that a Nasdaq Market Maker's ability to enter or update quotations is impaired, the market maker shall immediately contact Nasdaq Market Operations to request the withdrawal of its quotations.

In the event that a Nasdaq Market Maker's ability to enter or update quotations is impaired and the market maker elects to remain in Nasdaq, the Nasdaq Market Maker shall execute an offer to buy or sell received from another member at its quotations as disseminated through the Nasdaq Market Center.

(d) Reserved

(e) Locked and Crossed Markets

(1) Locked and Cross Markets within the System: Any quotes or orders that are entered into the System that would lock or cross another order in the System will be executed by the System. This processing, set forth in Rule 4757, ensures that no locked or crossed markets can exist within the System and that price improvement is allocated fairly.

(2) Inter-market Locked and Crossed Markets. Beginning March 5, 2007, the provisions of this subsection (e)(2) shall apply to the trading of securities governed by Regulation NMS.

(A) Definitions. For purposes of this Rule, the following definitions shall apply:

(i) The terms automated quotation, effective national market system plan, intermarket sweep order, manual quotation, NMS stock, protected quotation, regular trading hours, and trading center shall have the meanings set forth in Rule 600(b) of Regulation NMS under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

(ii) The term crossing quotation shall mean the display of a bid for an NMS stock during regular trading hours at a price that is higher than the price of an offer for such NMS stock previously disseminated pursuant to an effective national market system plan, or the display of an offer for an NMS stock during regular trading hours at a price that is lower than the price of a bid for such NMS stock previously disseminated pursuant to an effective national market system plan.

(iii) The term locking quotation shall mean the display of a bid for an NMS stock during regular trading hours at a price that equals the price of an offer for such NMS stock previously disseminated pursuant to an effective national market system plan, or the display of an offer for an NMS stock during regular trading hours at a price that equals the price of a bid for such NMS stock previously disseminated pursuant to an effective national market system plan.

(B) Prohibition. Except for quotations that fall within the provisions of paragraph (D) of this Rule, Nasdaq members shall reasonably avoid displaying, and shall not engage in a pattern or practice of displaying any quotations that lock or cross a protected quotation, and any manual quotations that lock or cross a quotation previously disseminated pursuant to an effective national market system plan.

(C) Manual quotations. If a member of the Exchange displays a manual quotation that locks or crosses a quotation previously disseminated pursuant to an effective national market system plan, such member of the Exchange shall promptly either withdraw the manual quotation or route an intermarket sweep order to execute against the full displayed size of the locked or crossed quotation.

(D) Exceptions.

(i) The locking or crossing quotation was displayed at a time when the trading center displaying the locked or crossed quotation was experiencing a failure, material delay, or malfunction of its systems or equipment.

(ii) The locking or crossing quotation was displayed at a time when a protected bid was higher than a protected offer in the NMS stock.

(iii) The locking or crossing quotation was an automated quotation, and the Nasdaq member displaying such automated quotation simultaneously routed an intermarket sweep order to execute against the full displayed size of any locked or crossed protected quotation.

(iv) The locking or crossing quotation was a manual quotation that locked or crossed another manual quotation, and the member of the Exchange displaying the locking or crossing manual quotation simultaneously routed an intermarket sweep order to execute against the full displayed size of the locked or crossed manual quotation.

Amended Oct. 29, 2020 (SR-NASDAQ-2020-071), operative Feb. 4, 2021; Nov. 23, 2020 (SR-NASDAQ-2020-079); amended Dec. 2, 2022 (SR-NASDAQ-2022-073), operative Jan. 1, 2023; amended Jan. 31, 2023 (SR-NASDAQ-2023-001).

(a) Nasdaq Market Maker Obligation/Identifier

A Nasdaq Market Maker that intends to stabilize the price of a security that is a subject or reference security under SEC Rule 101 shall submit a request to Nasdaq MarketWatch for the entry of a one-sided bid that is identified on Nasdaq as a stabilizing bid in compliance with the standards set forth in this Rule and SEC Rules 101 and 104.

(b) Eligibility

Only one Nasdaq Market Maker in a security may enter a stabilizing bid.

(c) Limitations on Stabilizing Bids

(1) A stabilizing bid shall not be entered in Nasdaq unless at least one other Nasdaq Market Maker in addition to the market maker entering the stabilizing bid is registered as a Nasdaq Market Maker in the security and entering quotations that are considered an independent bid under SEC Rule 104.

(2) A stabilizing bid must be available for all freely tradable outstanding securities of the same class being offered.

(d) Submission of Request to Nasdaq

(1) A Nasdaq Market Maker that wishes to enter a stabilizing bid shall submit a request to Nasdaq MarketWatch for entry on Nasdaq of a one-sided bid identified as a stabilizing bid. The Nasdaq Market Maker shall confirm its request in writing no later than the close of business the day the stabilizing bid is entered by submitting an Underwriting Activity Report to Nasdaq MarketWatch that includes the information required by subparagraph (d)(2).

(2) In lieu of submitting the Underwriting Activity Report as set forth in subparagraph (d)(1), the market maker may provide written confirmation to Nasdaq MarketWatch that shall include:

(A) the identity of the security and its symbol;

(B) the contemplated effective date of the offering and the date when the offering will be priced;

(C) the date and time that an identifier should be included on Nasdaq; and

(D) a copy of the cover page of the preliminary or final prospectus or similar offering document, unless Nasdaq determines otherwise.

Amended Nov. 23, 2020 (SR-NASDAQ-2020-079).

A Nasdaq Market Maker, Nasdaq ECN, or Order Entry Firm shall make such reports to Nasdaq as may be prescribed from time to time by Nasdaq.

Amended Nov. 23, 2020 (SR-NASDAQ-2020-079).

The System operates from 4:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. Eastern. Time on each business day, unless modified by Nasdaq. A Nasdaq Market Maker shall be open for business as of 9:30 a.m. Eastern Time and shall close no earlier than 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time. A Nasdaq Market Maker may voluntarily open for business prior to 9:30 a.m. and remain open for business later than 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time. Nasdaq Market Makers whose quotes are open prior to 9:30 a.m. Eastern Time or after 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time shall be obligated to comply, while their quotes are open, with all Nasdaq Rules that are not by their express terms, or by an official interpretation of Nasdaq, inapplicable to any part of the 4:00 a.m. to 9:30 a.m. or 4:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. Eastern Time period.

Amended Nov. 23, 2020 (SR-NASDAQ-2020-079).

(a) All transactions through the facilities of the Nasdaq Market Center shall be cleared and settled through a registered clearing agency using a continuous net settlement system. This requirement may be satisfied by direct participation, use of direct clearing services, by entry into a correspondent clearing arrangement with another member that clears trades through such a clearing agency, or by use of the services of CDS Clearing and Depository Services, Inc. in its capacity as a member of such a clearing agency.

(b) Notwithstanding paragraph (a), transactions may be settled "ex-clearing" provided that both parties to the transaction agree.

Amended Nov. 23, 2020 (SR-NASDAQ-2020-079).

(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this Rule, a market maker that wishes to withdraw quotations in a security or have its quotations identified as the quotations of a passive market maker shall contact Nasdaq MarketWatch to obtain excused withdrawal status prior to withdrawing its quotations or identification as a passive market maker. Withdrawals of quotations or identifications of quotations as those of a passive market maker shall be granted by Nasdaq MarketWatch only upon satisfying one of the conditions specified in this Rule.

(b) A Nasdaq Market Maker that wishes to obtain excused withdrawal status based on a market maker's systemic equipment problems, such as defects in a Nasdaq Market Maker's software or hardware systems or connectivity problems associated with the circuits connecting Nasdaq Market Center systems with the Nasdaq Market Maker's systems, shall contact Nasdaq Market Operations. Nasdaq Market Operations may grant excused withdrawal status based on systemic equipment problems for up to five (5) business days, unless extended by Nasdaq Market Operations.

(c) (1) For Nasdaq-listed securities, excused withdrawal status based on circumstances beyond the Nasdaq Market Maker's control, other than systemic equipment problems, may be granted for up to five (5) business days, unless extended by Nasdaq MarketWatch. Excused withdrawal status based on demonstrated legal or regulatory requirements, supported by appropriate documentation and accompanied by a representation that the condition necessitating the withdrawal of quotations is not permanent in nature, may, upon notification, be granted for not more than sixty (60) days (unless such request is required to be made pursuant to paragraph (e) below). Excused withdrawal status based on religious holidays may be granted only if written notice is received by Nasdaq one business day in advance and is approved by Nasdaq. Excused withdrawal status based on vacation may be granted only if:

(A) The written request for withdrawal is received by Nasdaq one business day in advance, and is approved by Nasdaq

(B) The request includes a list of the securities for which withdrawal is requested; and

(C) The request is made by a Nasdaq Market Maker with three (3) or fewer Nasdaq level 3 terminals. Excused withdrawal status may be granted to a Nasdaq Market Maker that has withdrawn from an issue prior to the public announcement of a merger or acquisition and wishes to re-register in the issue pursuant to the same-day registration procedures contained in Equity 2, Section 3 above, provided the Nasdaq Market Maker has remained registered in one of the affected issues. The withdrawal of quotations because of pending news, a sudden influx of orders or price changes, or to effect transactions with competitors shall not constitute acceptable reasons for granting excused withdrawal status.

(2) For securities listed on exchanges other than Nasdaq, a Nasdaq Market Maker that wishes to withdraw quotations shall contact Nasdaq MarketWatch to obtain excused withdrawal status prior to withdrawing its quotations. Excused withdrawal status based on illness, vacations or physical circumstances beyond the Market Maker's control may be granted for up to five (5) business days, unless extended by Nasdaq MarketWatch. Excused withdrawal status based on investment activity or advice of legal counsel, accompanied by a representation that the condition necessitating the withdrawal of quotations is not permanent in nature, may, upon written request, be granted for not more than sixty (60) days. The withdrawal of quotations because of pending news, a sudden influx of orders or price changes, or to effect transactions with competitors shall not normally constitute acceptable reasons for granting excused withdrawal status, unless Nasdaq has initiated a trading halt for Market Makers in the security, pursuant to Rule 4120.

(d) Excused withdrawal status may be granted to a Nasdaq Market Maker that fails to maintain a clearing arrangement with a registered clearing agency or with a member of such an agency and is withdrawn from participation in the trade reporting service of the Nasdaq Market Center, thereby terminating its registration as a Nasdaq Market Maker. Provided however, that if Nasdaq finds that the Nasdaq Market Maker's failure to maintain a clearing arrangement is voluntary, the withdrawal of quotations will be considered voluntary and unexcused pursuant to Equity 2, Section 11 and the Equity 4 Rules governing the Nasdaq Market Center. Nasdaq Market Makers that fail to maintain a clearing relationship will have their Nasdaq Market Center system status set to "suspend" and be thereby prevented from entering, or executing against, any quotes/orders in the system.

(e) Excused withdrawal status or passive market maker status may be granted to a Nasdaq Market Maker that is a distribution participant (or, in the case of excused withdrawal status, an affiliated purchaser) in order to comply with SEC Rule 101, 103, or 104 under the Act on the following conditions:

(1) A member acting as a manager (or in a similar capacity) of a distribution of a security that is a subject security or reference security under SEC Rule 101 and any member that is a distribution participant or an affiliated purchaser in such a distribution that does not have a manager shall provide written notice to Nasdaq MarketWatch and the Market Regulation Department of FINRA no later than the business day prior to the first entire trading session of the one-day or five-day restricted period under SEC Rule 101, unless later notification is necessary under the specific circumstances.

(A) The notice required by subparagraph (e)(1) of this Rule shall be provided by submitting a completed Underwriting Activity Report that includes a request on behalf of each Nasdaq Market Maker that is a distribution participant or an affiliated purchaser to withdraw the Nasdaq Market Maker's quotations, or that includes a request on behalf of each Nasdaq Market Maker that is a distribution participant (or an affiliated purchaser of a distribution participant) that its quotations be identified as those of a passive market maker and includes the contemplated date and time of the commencement of the restricted period.

(B) The managing underwriter shall advise each Nasdaq Market Maker that it has been identified as a distribution participant or an affiliated purchaser to Nasdaq MarketWatch and that its quotations will be automatically withdrawn or identified as passive market maker quotations, unless a market maker that is a distribution participant (or an affiliated purchaser of a distribution participant) notifies Nasdaq MarketWatch as required by subparagraph (e)(2), below.

(2) A Nasdaq Market Maker that has been identified to Nasdaq MarketWatch as a distribution participant (or an affiliated purchaser of a distribution participant) shall promptly notify Nasdaq MarketWatch and the manager of its intention not to participate in the prospective distribution or not to act as a passive market maker in order to avoid having its quotations withdrawn or identified as the quotations of a passive market maker.

(3) If a Nasdaq Market Maker that is a distribution participant withdraws its quotations in a Nasdaq security in order to comply with the net purchases limitation of SEC Rule 103 or with any other provision of SEC Rules 101, 103, or 104 and promptly notifies Nasdaq MarketWatch of its action, the withdrawal shall be deemed an excused withdrawal. Nothing in this subparagraph shall prohibit Nasdaq from taking such action as is necessary under the circumstances against a member and its associated persons for failure to contact Nasdaq MarketWatch to obtain an excused withdrawal as required by subparagraphs (a) and (e) of this Rule.

(4) The quotations of a passive market maker shall be identified on Nasdaq as those of a passive market maker.

(5) A member acting as a manager (or in a similar capacity of a distribution subject to subparagraph (e)(1)) of this Rule shall submit a request to Nasdaq MarketWatch and the Market Regulation Department of FINRA to rescind the excused withdrawal status or passive market making status of distribution participants and affiliated purchasers, which request shall include the date and time of the pricing of the offering, the offering price, and the time the offering terminated, and, if not in writing, shall be confirmed in writing no later than the close of business the day the offering terminates. The request by this subparagraph may be submitted on the Underwriting Activity Report.

(f) The Nasdaq Review Council shall have jurisdiction over proceedings brought by Nasdaq Market Makers seeking review of the denial of an excused withdrawal pursuant to this Rule, or the conditions imposed on their reentry.

(g) A Nasdaq Market Maker that wishes to reinstate its quotations in a security after an excused withdrawal pursuant to this Rule shall contact Nasdaq to notify Nasdaq of its intention to be reinstated. Upon confirmation by Nasdaq that the market maker is reinstated, the market maker will have no longer than ten minutes to meet its market making obligations under Equity 2, Section 5.

Amended Nov. 23, 2020 (SR-NASDAQ-2020-079).

(a) A Nasdaq Market Maker may voluntarily terminate its registration in a security by providing Nasdaq with written notice that the Nasdaq Market Maker will withdraw its two-sided quotation from the Nasdaq Market Center. A Nasdaq Market Maker that fails to give written notice of termination to Nasdaq prior to withdrawing its two-sided quotation may be subject to formal disciplinary action pursuant to Nasdaq General 5. A Nasdaq Market Maker that voluntarily terminates its registration in a security may not re-register as a market maker in that security for twenty (20) business days. However, a Nasdaq Market Maker that fails to maintain a clearing arrangement with a registered clearing agency or with a member of such an agency and is withdrawn from participation in the Nasdaq Market Center and thereby terminates its registration in a security as a Nasdaq Market Maker may register as a Nasdaq Market Maker at any time after a clearing arrangement has been reestablished unless Nasdaq finds that the Nasdaq Market Maker's failure to maintain a clearing arrangement is voluntary, in which case the withdrawal of quotations will be considered voluntary and unexcused.

(b) Notwithstanding the above, a Nasdaq Market Maker that accidentally terminates its registration in a security by accidentally withdrawing its two-sided quotation from the Nasdaq Market Center may be reinstated if:

(1) the Nasdaq Market Maker notified MarketWatch of the accidental withdrawal as soon as practicable under the circumstances, but within at least one hour of such withdrawal, and immediately thereafter provided written notification of the withdrawal and reinstatement request;

(2) it is clear that the withdrawal was inadvertent and the Nasdaq Market Maker was not attempting to avoid its market making obligations; and

(3) the Nasdaq Market Maker's firm would not exceed the following reinstatement limitations:

(A) for firms that simultaneously made markets in less than 250 stocks during the previous calendar year, the firm can receive no more than two (2) reinstatements per year;

(B) for firms that simultaneously made markets in 250 or more but less than 500 stocks during the previous calendar year, the firm can receive no more than three (3) reinstatements per year; and

(C) for firms that simultaneously made markets in 500 or more stocks during the previous calendar year, the firm can receive no more than six (6) reinstatements per year.

(c) Factors that Nasdaq will consider in granting a reinstatement under paragraph (b) of this rule include, but are not limited to:

(1) the number of accidental withdrawals by the Nasdaq Market Maker in the past, as compared with Nasdaq Market Makers making markets in a comparable number of stocks;

(2) the similarity between the symbol of the stock that the Nasdaq Market Maker intended to withdraw from and the symbol of the stock that the Nasdaq Market Maker actually withdrew from;

(3) market conditions at the time of the withdrawal;

(4) whether, given the market conditions at the time of the withdrawal, the withdrawal served to reduce the exposure of the member's position in the security at the time of the withdrawal to market risk; and

(5) the timeliness with which the Nasdaq Market Maker notified MarketWatch of the error.

(d) For purposes of paragraph (a) of this Rule, a Nasdaq Market Maker shall not be subject to formal disciplinary action for the failure to give written notice of withdrawal in a security to Nasdaq, if the Nasdaq Market Maker's two-sided quotation in the subject security is withdrawn by Nasdaq's systems due to issuer corporate action related to a dividend, payment or distribution, or due to a trading halt, and one of the following conditions is satisfied:

(1) the Nasdaq Market Maker enters a new two-sided quotation prior to the close of the regular market session on the same day when Nasdaq's systems withdrew such a quotation;

(2) the Nasdaq Market Maker enters a new two-sided quotation on the day when trading resumes following a trading halt, or, if the resumption of trading occurs when the market is not in regular session, the Nasdaq Market Maker enters a new two-sided quotation prior to the opening of the next regular market session; or

(3) upon written request from the Nasdaq Market Maker, Nasdaq MarketWatch authorizes the Nasdaq Market Maker to enter a new two-sided quotation, provided that Nasdaq MarketWatch receives the Nasdaq Market Maker's request prior to the close of the regular market session on the next regular trading day after the day on which the Nasdaq Market Maker became eligible to re-enter a quotation pursuant to subparagraph (d)(1) or (d)(2) hereof and determines that the market maker was not attempting to avoid its market making obligations by failing to re-enter such a quotation earlier.

(e) The Nasdaq Review Council shall have jurisdiction over proceedings brought by Nasdaq Market Makers seeking review of their denial of a reinstatement pursuant to paragraphs (b) or (d) of this Rule.

Amended Nov. 23, 2020 (SR-NASDAQ-2020-079); amended Dec. 2, 2022 (SR-NASDAQ-2022-073), operative Jan. 1, 2023; amended Jan. 31, 2023 (SR-NASDAQ-2023-001).

Nasdaq may, pursuant to the procedures set forth in the Rule 9000 Series, suspend, condition, limit, prohibit or terminate the authority of a Nasdaq Market Maker, Nasdaq ECN, or Order Entry Firm to enter quotations in one or more authorized securities for violations of applicable requirements or prohibitions.

Amended Nov. 23, 2020 (SR-NASDAQ-2020-079).

Nasdaq may, upon notice, terminate Nasdaq service in the event that a Nasdaq Market Maker, Nasdaq ECN, or Order Entry Firm fails to qualify under specified standards of eligibility or fails to pay promptly for services rendered by Nasdaq.

Amended Nov. 23, 2020 (SR-NASDAQ-2020-079).

(a) Nasdaq may provide a means to permit alternative trading systems ("ATSs"), as such term is defined in Regulation ATS, and electronic communications networks ("ECNs"), as such term is defined in SEC Rule 600,

(1) to comply with SEC Rule 301(b)(3);

(2) to comply with the terms of the ECN display alternative provided for in SEC Rule 602(b)(5)(ii)(A) and (B) ("ECN display alternatives"); or

(3) to provide orders to Nasdaq voluntarily.

In providing any such means, Nasdaq shall establish a mechanism that permits the ATS or ECN to display the best prices and sizes of orders entered into the ATS or ECN by subscribers of the ATS or ECN, if the ECN or ATS so chooses or is required by SEC Rule 301(b)(3) to display a subscriber's order in Nasdaq, and allows any Nasdaq member the electronic ability to effect a transaction with such priced orders that is equivalent to the ability to effect a transaction with a Nasdaq market maker quotation in Nasdaq operated systems.

(b) An ATS or ECN that seeks to utilize the Nasdaq-provided means to comply with SEC Rule 301(b)(3), the ECN display alternatives, or to provide orders to Nasdaq voluntarily shall:

(1) demonstrate to Nasdaq that it is in compliance with Regulation ATS or that it qualifies as an ECN meeting the definition in the SEC Rule 600;

(2) be registered as a Nasdaq member;

(3) enter into and comply with the terms of applicable agreements with Nasdaq;

(4) agree to provide for Nasdaq's dissemination in the quotation data made available to quotation vendors the prices and sizes of subscriber orders of the ATS or ECN, if the ATS or ECN so chooses or is required by SEC Rule 301(b)(3) to display a subscriber's order in Nasdaq, at the highest buy price and the lowest sell price for each Nasdaq security entered in and widely disseminated by the ATS or ECN; and prior to entering such prices and sizes, register with Nasdaq Market Operations as an ATS or ECN;

(5) provide an automatic execution of any quote or order entered into the System by the ATS or ECN.

Amended Nov. 23, 2020 (SR-NASDAQ-2020-079).

(a) A Nasdaq Market Maker acting as a manager (or in a similar capacity) of a distribution of a security that is a subject or reference security under SEC Rule 101 shall provide written notice to the Corporate Financing Department of FINRA of its intention to impose a penalty bid on syndicate members or to conduct syndicate covering transactions pursuant to SEC Rule 104 prior to imposing the penalty bid or engaging in the first syndicate covering transaction. A Nasdaq Market Maker that intends to impose a penalty bid on syndicate members may request that its quotation be identified as a penalty bid on Nasdaq pursuant to paragraph (c) below.

(b) The notice required by paragraph (a) shall include:

(1) the identity of the security and its symbol;

(2) the date the member is intending to impose the penalty bid and/or conduct syndicate covering transactions.

(c) Notwithstanding paragraph (a), a Nasdaq Market Maker may request that its quotation be identified as a penalty bid on Nasdaq display by providing notice to Nasdaq MarketWatch, which notice shall include the date and time that the penalty bid identifier should be entered on Nasdaq and, if not in writing, shall be confirmed in writing no later than the close of business the day the penalty bid identifier is entered on Nasdaq.

(d) The written notice required by this Rule may be submitted on the Underwriting Activity Report.

Amended Nov. 23, 2020 (SR-NASDAQ-2020-079).

(a) A Nasdaq Market Maker, Nasdaq ECN, or Order Entry Firm operating in or participating in the Nasdaq Market Center or other Nasdaq-operated system shall provide information orally, in writing, or electronically (if such information is, or is required to be, maintained in electronic form) to the staff of Nasdaq when:

(1) Nasdaq MarketWatch staff makes an oral, written, or electronically communicated request for information relating to a specific Nasdaq rule, SEC rule, or provision of a joint industry plan (e.g., UTP, CTA, and CQA) (as promulgated and amended from time-to-time) that Nasdaq MarketWatch is responsible for administering or to other duties and/or obligations imposed on Nasdaq MarketWatch by Nasdaq; this shall include, but not be limited to, information relating to:

(A) a locked or crossed market; or

(B) trading activity, rumors, or information that a member may possess that may assist in determining whether there is a basis to initiate a trading halt, pursuant to Nasdaq Rule 4120; or

(C) a clearly erroneous transaction, pursuant to Nasdaq Rule 11890; or

(D) a request for an excused withdrawal or reinstatement, pursuant to Equity 2, Sections 10 and 11;

(E) trade-throughs; or

(F) a request to submit a stabilizing bid, pursuant to Equity 2, Section 6, or a request to have a quotation identified as a penalty bid on Nasdaq, pursuant to Equity 2, Section 15.

(2) Nasdaq Market Operations staff makes an oral, written, or electronically communicated request for information relating to a specific Nasdaq rule, SEC rule, provision of a joint industry plan (e.g., UTP, CTA, and CQA) (as promulgated and amended from time-to-time) that Nasdaq Market Operations is responsible for administering or to other duties and/or obligations for which Nasdaq Market Operations is responsible; this shall include, but not be limited to, information relating to an equipment failure.

(b) A failure to comply in a timely, truthful, and/or complete manner with a request for information made pursuant to this rule may be deemed conduct inconsistent with just and equitable principles of trade.

Amended Nov. 23, 2020 (SR-NASDAQ-2020-079).

(a) Except as provided for in paragraph (b) below, Nasdaq and its affiliates shall not be liable for any losses, damages, or other claims arising out of the Nasdaq Market Center or its use. Any losses, damages, or other claims, related to a failure of the Nasdaq Market Center to deliver, display, transmit, execute, compare, submit for clearance and settlement, adjust, retain priority for, or otherwise correctly process an order, Quote/Order, message, or other data entered into, or created by, the Nasdaq Market Center shall be absorbed by the member, or the member sponsoring the customer, that entered the order, Quote/Order, message, or other data into the Nasdaq Market Center.

(b) Nasdaq, subject to the express limits set forth below, may compensate users of the Nasdaq Market Center for losses directly resulting from the systems' actual failure to correctly process an order, Quote/Order, message, or other data, provided the Nasdaq Market Center has acknowledged receipt of the order, Quote/Order, message, or data.

(1) For the aggregate of all claims made by all market participants related to the use of the Nasdaq Market Center during a single calendar month, Nasdaq's payment shall not exceed the larger of $500,000, or the amount of the recovery obtained by Nasdaq under any applicable insurance policy.

(2) Notwithstanding subsection (b)(1) above, for the aggregate of all claims made by all market participants during a single calendar month:

(A) related to a systems malfunction or error of the Nasdaq Market Center concerning locked/crossed market (Rule 610 of Regulation NMS), trade through protection (Rule 611 of Regulation NMS), market maker quoting (Equity 2, Section 5), order protection (Equity 2, Section 5), or firm quote compliance (Equity 2, Section 5) functions of the market participant to the extent that such functions are that are electronically enforced by the Nasdaq trading system, and

(B) where Nasdaq determines in its sole discretion that such systems malfunction or error was caused exclusively by Nasdaq and no outside factors contributed to the systems malfunction or error,

Nasdaq's payment during a single calendar month shall not exceed the larger of $3,000,000, or the amount of the recovery obtained by Nasdaq under any applicable insurance policy.

(3) Notwithstanding subsections (b)(1) and (2) above, for the aggregate of all claims alleged by all market participants related to errors in the Nasdaq Halt and Imbalance Cross Process in connection with the initial public offering of Facebook, Inc. (the "Cross"), including any delay in delivery of confirmations of orders in Facebook, Inc. stock on May 18, 2012, the total amount of Nasdaq's payment shall not exceed $62 million. Eligibility of claims for payment shall be determined in accordance with the following procedures:

(A) All claims for compensation under this subsection shall arise solely from realized or unrealized direct trading losses arising from the following specific Cross orders:

(i) SELL Cross orders that were submitted between 11:11 a.m. ET and 11:30 a.m. ET on May 18, 2012, that were priced at $42.00 or less, and that did not execute.

(ii) SELL Cross orders that were submitted between 11:11 a.m. ET and 11:30 a.m. ET on May 18, 2012, that were priced at $42.00 or less, and that executed at a price below $42.00.

(iii) BUY Cross orders priced at exactly $42.00 and that were executed in the Cross but not immediately confirmed.

(iv) BUY Cross orders priced above $42.00 and that were executed in the Cross but not immediately confirmed, but only to the extent entered with respect to a customer that was permitted by the member to cancel its order prior to 1:50 p.m. and for which a request to cancel the order was submitted to Nasdaq by the member, also prior to 1:50 p.m.

For purposes of this rule, unless stated otherwise, the term "customer" shall be construed to include any unaffiliated entity upon whose behalf an order is entered, including any unaffiliated broker or dealer.

(B) In determining trading losses under this subsection, the measure of loss for the Cross orders described in paragraphs (b)(3)(A)(i), (iii), and (iv) will be the lesser of (i) the differential between the expected execution price of the orders in the Cross process that established an opening print of $42.00 and the actual execution price received; or (ii) the differential between the expected execution price of the orders in the Cross process that established an opening print of $42.00 and a benchmark price of $40.527, which constitutes the volume-weighted average price of Facebook, Inc. stock on May 18, 2012, between 1:50 p.m. ET and 2:35 p.m. ET. The measure of loss for the Cross orders described in paragraph (b)(3)(A)(ii) will be the differential between the expected execution price of the orders in the Cross process that established an opening print of $42.00 and the actual execution price received. In addition, with respect to claims arising under subparagraph (b)(3)(A)(iv), the amount of loss will be reduced by 30%. Each member's direct trading losses calculated in accordance with paragraphs (b)(3)(A) and (B) shall be referred to herein as the "Member's Share".

(C) Alleged losses arising in any form or that in any way result from any other causes, including but not limited to the following, shall not be considered losses subject to potential accommodation for purposes of this subsection (b)(3): orders received after the commencement of continuous regular trading in Facebook, Inc.; individual member firm technology issues or system failures, or member firm operational issues or operational failures; other than actions described in paragraph (b)(3)(A) and (B), affirmative trading actions taken by member firms; alleged or speculative lost trading opportunities or alleged or speculative lost business profits of any description; non-marketable Cross orders for which, based on their price, there was no reasonable expectation that orders had been executed; and a member firm's failure to adequately and appropriately mitigate losses or adjust trading positions.

(D) All claims pursuant to this subsection must be submitted in writing not later than 11:59 p.m. ET on April 8, 2013, and shall be processed and evaluated by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority ("FINRA") applying the accommodation standards set forth in this Rule. FINRA may request such supplemental information as FINRA deems necessary to assist FINRA's evaluation of claims.

(E) FINRA shall provide to the Nasdaq Board of Directors and the Board of Directors of Nasdaq, Inc. an analysis of the total value of eligible claims submitted under this subsection (b)(3). Nasdaq will thereafter file with the Securities and Exchange Commission a rule proposal setting forth the amount of eligible claims under the standards set forth in this Rule and the amount proposed to be paid to members by Nasdaq. In no event shall Nasdaq make any payments on claims pursuant to this subsection (b)(3) until the rule proposal setting forth the amount of eligible claims becomes effective. All payments shall be made in cash.

(F) All payments to members under this subsection will be contingent upon the submission to Nasdaq, not later than 7 days after the effective date of the rule proposal described in paragraph (b)(3)(E), of an attestation detailing:

(i) the amount of compensation, accommodation, or other economic benefit provided or to be provided by the member to its customers (other than customers that were brokers or dealers trading for their own account) in respect of trading in Facebook Inc. on May 18, 2012 ("Customer Compensation"), and

(ii) the extent to which the losses reflected in the Member's Share were incurred by the member trading for its own account or for the account of a customer that was a broker or dealer trading for its own account ("Covered Proprietary Losses").

Failure to provide the required attestation within the specified time limit will void the member's eligibility to receive an accommodation pursuant to this subsection. Each member shall be required to maintain books and records that detail the nature and amount Customer Compensation and Covered Proprietary Losses.

(G) Accommodation payments under this subsection will be made in two tranches of priority:

(i) First, if the member has provided Customer Compensation, the member will receive an amount equal to the lesser of the Member's Share or the amount of Customer Compensation;

(ii) Second, the member will receive an amount with respect to Covered Proprietary Losses; provided, however, that the sum of payments to a member hereunder shall not exceed the Member's Share.

In the event that the amounts calculated under tranche (i) exceed $62 million, accommodation will be prorated among members eligible to receive accommodation under tranche (i) based on the size of the amounts payable under tranche (i). In the event that tranche (i) is paid in full and the amounts calculated under tranche (ii) exceed the funds remaining from the $62 million accommodation pool, such funds will be prorated among members eligible to receive accommodation under tranche (ii) based on the size of the amounts payable under tranche (ii). If a member's eligibility to receive funds is voided for any reason under this rule, and the funds payable to other members must be prorated hereunder, the funds available to pay other members will be increased accordingly.

(H) All payments to members under this subsection will be contingent upon the execution and delivery to Nasdaq of a release by the member of all claims by it or its affiliates against Nasdaq or its affiliates for losses that arise out of, are associated with, or relate in any way to the Facebook, Inc. IPO Cross or to any actions or omissions related in any way to that Cross, including but not limited to the execution or confirmation of orders in Facebook, Inc. on May 18, 2012. Failure to provide the required release within 14 days after the effective date of the rule proposal described in paragraph (b)(3)(E) will void the member's eligibility to receive an accommodation pursuant to this subsection.

(I) Notwithstanding paragraph (b)(3)(D), a member that did not submit a claim prior to 11:59 p.m. ET on April 8, 2013 and that is not subject to a release executed and delivered to Nasdaq under paragraph (b)(3)(H) may submit a claim under this subsection prior to 11:59 p.m. ET on June 19, 2015 (each, a "2015 Claim" and collectively, the "2015 Claims"). All 2015 Claims shall be processed and evaluated by FINRA applying the accommodation standards set forth in paragraphs (b)(3)(A), (B), (C) of this Rule. FINRA may request such supplemental information as FINRA deems necessary to assist FINRA's evaluation of 2015 Claims. FINRA shall provide to the Nasdaq Board of Directors and the Board of Directors of Nasdaq, Inc. an analysis of the total value of eligible 2015 Claims. Nasdaq will thereafter notify members of the value of 2015 Claims and pay valid 2015 Claims in accordance with the following parameters:

(i) All payments of 2015 Claims will be contingent upon the submission to Nasdaq, not later than 7 days after the member's receiving notice of the value its 2015 Claim, of an attestation detailing Customer Compensation and Covered Proprietary Losses (as such terms are defined in paragraph (b)(3)(F) of this Rule) with respect to its 2015 Claim. Failure to provide the required attestation within the specified time limit will void the member's eligibility to receive an accommodation pursuant to this subsection. Each member shall be required to maintain books and records that detail the nature and amount of Customer Compensation and Covered Proprietary Losses with respect to 2015 Claims.

(ii) Accommodation payments for 2015 Claims will be made in two tranches of priority:

(a) First, if the member has provided Customer Compensation, the member will receive an amount equal to the lesser of the Member's Share (as defined in paragraph (b)(3)(B) of this Rule) or the amount of Customer Compensation ("Tranche A");

(b) Second, the member will receive an amount with respect to Covered Proprietary Losses; provided, however, that the sum of payments to a member hereunder shall not exceed the Member's Share ("Tranche B").

In the event that the amounts calculated under Tranche A, together with the amounts previously paid under this subsection, exceed $62 million, the accommodation will be prorated among members eligible to receive accommodation under Tranche A based on the size of the amounts payable under Tranche A. In the event that Tranche A is paid in full and the amounts calculated under Tranche B, together with the amounts previously paid under this subsection, exceed $62 million, the accommodation will be prorated among members eligible to receive accommodation under Tranche B based on the size of the amounts payable under Tranche B. If a member's eligibility to receive funds is voided for any reason under this rule, and the funds payable to other members must be prorated hereunder, the funds available to pay other members will be increased accordingly.

(iii) All payments of 2015 Claims will be contingent upon the execution and delivery to Nasdaq of a release by the member of all claims by it or its affiliates against Nasdaq or its affiliates for losses that arise out of, are associated with, or relate in any way to the Facebook, Inc. IPO Cross or to any actions or omissions related in any way to that Cross, including but not limited to the execution or confirmation of orders in Facebook, Inc. on May 18, 2012. The member's failure to provide the required release within 14 days after receiving notice of the value its 2015 Claim will void the member's eligibility to receive an accommodation pursuant to this subsection.

(iv) All payments of 2015 Claims shall be made in cash. Payment to a member shall be made as soon as practicable following the completion of all documents required hereunder.

(4) In no event shall Nasdaq's total payment during a single calendar month pursuant to this rule exceed the amount determined pursuant to this rule.

(5) In the event all of the claims arising out of the use of the Nasdaq Market Center cannot be fully satisfied because in the aggregate they exceed the maximum amount of liability provided for in this Rule, then the maximum amount will be proportionally allocated among all such claims arising during a single calendar month.

(6) With the exception of claims submitted under subsection (b)(3) above, all claims for compensation pursuant to this Rule shall be in writing and must be submitted no later than 12:00 P.M. ET on the next business day following the day on which the use of the Nasdaq Market Center gave rise to such claims. Nothing in this rule shall obligate Nasdaq to seek recovery under any applicable insurance policy. Nothing in this rule shall waive Nasdaq's limitations on, or immunities from, liability as set forth in its Rules or agreements, or that otherwise apply as a matter of law.

Amended Nov. 23, 2020 (SR-NASDAQ-2020-079).

(a) If a Participant, or clearing member acting on a Participant's behalf, is reported by the System, or shown by the activity reports generated by the System, as constituting a side of a System trade, such Participant, or clearing member acting on its behalf, shall honor such trade on the scheduled settlement date.

(b) Nasdaq shall have no liability if a Participant, or a clearing member acting on the Participant's behalf, fails to satisfy the obligations in paragraph (a).

Amended Nov. 23, 2020 (SR-NASDAQ-2020-079).

(a) Failure by a Participant to comply with any of the rules or registration requirements applicable to the Nasdaq Market Center identified herein shall subject such Participant to censure, fine, suspension or revocation of its registration as a Nasdaq Market Maker, Order Entry Firm, and/or Nasdaq ECN or any other fitting penalty under the Nasdaq Rules.

(b) (1) If a Participant fails to maintain a clearing relationship as required under paragraphs (a)(2) of Equity 2, Section 3, it shall be removed from the Nasdaq Market Center until such time as a clearing arrangement is reestablished.

(2) A Participant that is not in compliance with its obligations under paragraphs (a)(2) of Equity 2, Section 3 shall be notified when Nasdaq exercises it authority under paragraph (b)(1) above.

(3) The authority and procedures contained in this paragraph (b) do not otherwise limit Nasdaq's authority, contained in other provisions of the Nasdaq Rules, to enforce its rules or impose any fitting sanction.

Amended Nov. 23, 2020 (SR-NASDAQ-2020-079).

No member may accept an order from a customer for execution in the premarket session or post-market session without disclosing to such customer that extended hours trading involves material trading risks, including the possibility of lower liquidity, high volatility, changing prices, unlinked markets, an exaggerated effect from news announcements, wider spreads and any other relevant risk. The absence of an updated underlying index value or intraday indicative value is an additional trading risk in extended hours for Derivative Securities Products.

The disclosures required pursuant to this rule may take the following form or such other form as provides substantially similar information:

(1) Risk of Lower Liquidity. Liquidity refers to the ability of market participants to buy and sell securities. Generally, the more orders that are available in a market, the greater the liquidity. Liquidity is important because with greater liquidity it is easier for investors to buy or sell securities, and as a result, investors are more likely to pay or receive a competitive price for securities purchased or sold. There may be lower liquidity in extended hours trading as compared to regular market hours. As a result, your order may only be partially executed, or not at all.

(2) Risk of Higher Volatility. Volatility refers to the changes in price that securities undergo when trading. Generally, the higher the volatility of a security, the greater its price swings. There may be greater volatility in extended hours trading than in regular market hours. As a result, your order may only be partially executed, or not at all, or you may receive an inferior price in extended hours trading than you would during regular market hours.

(3) Risk of Changing Prices. The prices of securities traded in extended hours trading may not reflect the prices either at the end of regular market hours, or upon the opening of the next morning. As a result, you may receive an inferior price in extended hours trading than you would during regular market hours.

(4) Risk of Unlinked Markets. Depending on the extended hours trading system or the time of day, the prices displayed on a particular extended hours system may not reflect the prices in other concurrently operating extended hours trading systems dealing in the same securities. Accordingly, you may receive an inferior price in one extended hours trading system than you would in another extended hours trading system.

(5) Risk of News Announcements. Normally, issuers make news announcements that may affect the price of their securities after regular market hours. Similarly, important financial information is frequently announced outside of regular market hours. In extended hours trading, these announcements may occur during trading, and if combined with lower liquidity and higher volatility, may cause an exaggerated and unsustainable effect on the price of a security.

(6) Risk of Wider Spreads. The spread refers to the difference in price between what you can buy a security for and what you can sell it for. Lower liquidity and higher volatility in extended hours trading may result in wider than normal spreads for a particular security.

(7) Risk of Lack of Calculation or Dissemination of Underlying Index Value or Intraday Indicative Value ("IIV"). For certain Derivative Securities Products, an updated underlying index value or IIV may not be calculated or publicly disseminated in extended trading hours. Since the underlying index value and IIV are not calculated or widely disseminated during the pre-market and post-market sessions an investor who is unable to calculate implied values for certain Derivative Securities Products in those sessions may be at a disadvantage to market professionals.

Amended Nov. 23, 2020 (SR-NASDAQ-2020-079).